How would you define the following terms?
• Deliberate Self-harm
• Parasuicide
• Suicide Gesture
• Attempted Suicide
• Ambivalent Attempted Suicide
• Self-injury
Can any of these terms be used interchangeably? What are the possible effects of such ambiguity in meaning on scholarly works and evidenced-based research?
According to Hurry (2000), deliberate self-harm “implies an act, not merely thoughts about suicide. However, it does not necessarily include the wish to kill oneself”.
The World Health Organisation's International Classification of Diseases (1992) defines parasuicide as
"An act with nonfatal outcome, in which an individual deliberately initiates a non-habitual behaviour that, without intervention from others, will cause self-harm, or deliberately ingests a substance in excess of the prescribed or generally recognised therapeutic dosage, and which is aimed at realising changes which the subject desired via the actual or expected physical consequences. It may be used interchangeably with the terms 'attempted suicide' and 'deliberate self-harm'.”
Chapman & Dixon-Gordon (2007) define deliberate self-harm (DSH) as “the deliberate, direct destruction or alteration of body tissue without suicidal intent. In contrast with DHS, suicide attempts involve conscious intent to die and ambivalent suicide attempts involve ambivalence regarding the intent to die”.
Important points to consider:
• Is the behavior repetitive and/or habitual?
• What is the intended result of the behavior/action?
• Where is the client developmentally? What is his/her understanding of death?
• How can we improve our interventions and research around this topic?
• Is the behavior repetitive and/or habitual?
• What is the intended result of the behavior/action?
• Where is the client developmentally? What is his/her understanding of death?
• How can we improve our interventions and research around this topic?
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